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September: A Month of Awareness and Action for Sickle Cell Disease 

September is Sickle Cell Awareness Month, and it's a critical time to shine a light on a disease that affects over 100,000 Americans annually.
 

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and block blood flow. In Wisconsin, approximately 1,200 people live with the most severe form of SCD, highlighting the importance of community support and regional collaboration. This year, the City of Milwaukee Health Department (MHD) is partnering with Versiti Blood Centers of Wisconsin to host the annual Sickle Cell Summit on September 18 at City Hall. The summit aims to raise awareness about the painful disease and unite leaders to work toward a brighter future. 

During the summit, SCD stakeholders, such as Sickle Cell Warriors of Wisconsin (SCWWI), will join a panel discussion to address the ongoing support needed for families affected by SCD.  

“Our goal is to bring together experts, advocates, and community members to discuss the challenges faced by those living with sickle cell disease,” said Commissioner of Health, Mike Totoraitis, PhD. “By collaborating with local organizations, we hope to strengthen our community’s approach to this public health crisis.” 

Keeping Her Spirit Alive: The Story Behind Sickle Cell Warriors of Wisconsin 
 

Tokara Henry is no stranger to the debilitating effects of SCD. Her cousin, Carlotta Thomas, passed away in 2013 from complications related to SCD. 

“She was my world—my big sister, my best friend. She was amazing,” Henry said. “As I got older, I watched the disease try to wreck and ravage her body. But I also saw her resilience.” 

Determined to honor her cousin’s legacy, Henry launched SCWWI in 2014, a non-profit organization dedicated to advocating, educating, and providing compassionate support to families impacted by SCD and Sickle Cell Trait. 

“I knew I wanted to keep her spirit alive. When she passed, I said I would do this,” Henry explained. 

Since then, SCWWI has been working with local and regional partners to bridge the gap between healthcare providers and families affected by SCD. Almost 75% of the 117 babies born with SCD in Wisconsin between 2016 and 2020 were born in the southeastern region of the state, underscoring the urgency to build stronger healthcare connections in this area. 

“You can’t rebuild trust that was never established. Now is the time to build trust between our sickle cell families and healthcare partners,” Henry said. “You have to listen to the people before you try to serve the people.”

The Lifeline of Blood Donations 

As SCWWI focuses on education and outreach, Versiti Blood Centers work tirelessly to support the sickle cell community through life-saving blood donations. 

“In less than 30 minutes, you could save up to three lives,” said Jasmine Johnson, Vice President of Operations at Versiti. “Knowing that when I get in a donor bed, I am doing something that only I can do to help another human being, knowing it’s someone's best friend or family member and their loved one who I am helping support and live longer, it’s definitely rewarding.” 

Blood transfusions are a common treatment option for SCD patients, improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs. Depending on individual needs, transfusions can be a single treatment or part of a chronic care plan requiring multiple units of blood each month. 

A single sickle cell patient may need between eight to ten units per transfusion and up to 100 units annually, making regular blood donations essential. Versiti encourages community members, especially in neighborhoods near their donation centers, to contribute regularly. 

“Partnering with organizations like Versiti and SCWWI allows us to expand our reach and impact,” said Commissioner Totoraitis. “Their work directly addresses the need for blood in sickle cell care, a critical component of managing the disease.” 

At Versiti, their goal is to encourage and promote people to make routine blood donations, particularly in neighborhoods like the ones Versiti blood donation centers are located, such as the center on Martin Luther King Blvd, which hugs the borders of Harambe, Halyard, and Brewers Hill.  

“When you invest in building a brick and mortar donor center in a community that hasn't historically been avid blood donors, there's an opportunity for education, building trust and report, but also hopefully increasing the blood collection,” Johnson said. “When comparing the number of donations from the 53212 zip code to the need for sickle cell transfusions in that area, there are tremendous gaps.

A Community in Crisis: Confronting Racial Disparities in Sickle Cell Care 


Sickle cell advocates are also raising awareness about the racial disparities that patients face, particularly during a pain crisis.   

A sickle cell pain crisis occurs when sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow, causing severe, sometimes life-threatening pain that can last for days or weeks. If not treated early and accurately, a sickle cell pain crisis could be fatal.  

“It’s been described to me like somebody is pushing hot nails through your veins,” Henry said.  

For many, accessing appropriate, quality care during these crises is a challenge that is compounded by racial biases within the healthcare system. 

In the U.S., more than 90% of the people with SCD are Black, and an estimated 3-9% are Hispanic or Latino, which leads to biases and stereotypical assumptions. Studies reveal that Black patients can experience significantly longer wait times in the Emergency Department (ED) compared to white patients1 and are less likely to receive necessary pain medication, underscoring the need for better education among healthcare providers.2  

“There are adults who come into the emergency room, say they’re in crisis, and they’re waiting for hours because there are healthcare professionals who don’t even know what a sickle cell crisis is,” Henry said. “They’re not bleeding out or have any obvious trauma, so they’re asked to go sit down.” 

“We ask our families to dress nicely, speak kindly, and have patience to be taken seriously in the ER, but if you have that kind of pain in your body, how do you do that? Why do they need to do that to receive care,” said Henry.  

Moving Forward: Expanding Support and Resources 
 

Public awareness of sickle cell disease has grown in recent years, but significant gaps in knowledge and funding persist. The City of Milwaukee Health Department is committed to expanding its role in case management for newborns who screen positive for SCD aiming to offer in-home health teaching, follow-up visits, and connections to healthcare resources. 

“We are excited to work more closely with families from the start,” Commissioner Totoraitis said. “Our goal is to provide comprehensive support that not only addresses immediate health needs but also helps families navigate a complex healthcare landscape.” 

The 2024 Sickle Cell Summit, hosted by MHD and Versiti, will be held inside Milwaukee City Hall on September 18 between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. The summit will bring together Wisconsin’s SCD community to broaden perspectives from both clinical and community viewpoints, provide resources for treatment options, and advocate for increased awareness. 

“Being able to convene stakeholders, patients, and caregivers to listen and learn is how we improve as a healthcare partner,” Johnson said. 
 

Learn More about SCD

Mike Totoraitis

Commissioner of Health

Tokara Henry

Director of Sickle Cell Warriors of Wisconsin

Jasmine Johnson

Vice President of Operations at Versiti

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